Confounding, Bias & Effect Modification – At a Glance
These concepts appear simple. They are not. And they are frequently misunderstood in both exams and clinical research. Confounding – The Classic Third Variable Trap A confounder is a variable that is: Associated with the exposure Associated with the...
Comparing Data – At a Glance
Choosing the right statistical test depends on three things: Data type (parametric vs non-parametric) Number of groups Paired vs unpaired Parametric vs Non-Parametric Parametric tests = interval or ratio data (normally distributed) Non-parametric tests =...
Febrile Convulsions – At a Glance
Febrile convulsions are generalised seizures triggered by fever in otherwise normal children.They are usually benign but can be frightening for parents and caregivers. Epidemiology Occur in 2–5% of children aged 6 months to 5 years. Peak incidence: 14–18...
The Mental Health Act – At a Glance
The Mental Health Act (1983, amended 2007) is the main legislation for detaining, assessing, and treating people with mental health disorders without consent in England and Wales. Voluntary vs Detained Patients Voluntary patients agree to admission and...
