Febrile Convulsions – At a Glance

Febrile Convulsions – At a Glance

Febrile convulsions are generalised seizures triggered by fever in otherwise normal children.They are usually benign but can be frightening for parents and caregivers.   Epidemiology   Occur in 2–5% of children aged 6 months to 5 years. Peak incidence: 14–18...
The Mental Health Act – At a Glance

The Mental Health Act – At a Glance

The Mental Health Act (1983, amended 2007) is the main legislation for detaining, assessing, and treating people with mental health disorders without consent in England and Wales.   Voluntary vs Detained Patients   Voluntary patients agree to admission and...
Bacteria – At a Glance

Bacteria – At a Glance

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. Most are harmless. Some cause disease: pathogens.   What Makes Bacteria Dangerous? Toxins (e.g. Clostridium botulinum) Tissue invasion (e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes) Inflammation-triggering (e.g....
Acute Pancreatitis – At a Glance

Acute Pancreatitis – At a Glance

Acute pancreatitis is a spectrum disease — ranging from mild, self-limiting episodes to severe, life-threatening illness with multi-organ failure. The two major causes are gallstones and alcohol. Epidemiology Incidence: ~56 cases per 100,000 people per year (UK)....
Brachial Plexus – At a Glance

Brachial Plexus – At a Glance

A classic high-yield topic. Looks complicated. It isn’t, if you break it down correctly.   Mnemonic First   Rugby Teams Drink Cold Beers → Roots → Trunks → Divisions → Cords → Branches   Anatomical Breakdown ROOTS (C5–T1): 5 anterior rami: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1...
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis – At a Glance

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis – At a Glance

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) give rapid information about: Respiratory status (oxygenation and ventilation) Acid-base balance (metabolic or respiratory causes) They are critical for managing sick patients, especially in the ED, ICU, and respiratory wards.   Normal...