Common Antidotes Used in Toxicology
An antidote is an agent that counteracts the effects of a poison, toxin, or harmful substance on the body. They are specifically designed to neutralise or reverse the toxic effects caused by the substance, mitigating or preventing further harm and promoting...
Confounding, Bias and Effect Modification
Confounding factors A confounding factor is a variable that is associated with both the outcome of interest and the exposure of interest. In this constellation, the exposure of interest appears (spuriously) to be associated with the outcome of interest, while in...
Sialolithiasis
Sialolithiasis is a condition where a calcified stone (sialolith) forms within a salivary gland. The salivary glands The salivary glands are exocrine glands that produce saliva and secrete it into the oral cavity. There are three main salivary glands and...
The Importance of a Good Night’s Sleep
“There is a time for many words, and there is also a time for sleep.” Homer, The Odyssey Pulling an ‘all-nighter’ On several occasions over the years, I have decided to ‘pull an all-nighter’ and stay up to study for an exam the following day. On some occasions, it...
