Vertebral Levels
Vertebral levels are very commonly tested on in both undergraduate and postgraduate medical examinations. The most commonly encountered landmarks and structures found at the various vertebral levels are shown in the table below: VERTEBRAL LEVELLANDMARKS &...
Risk and Odds
Risk vs. odds The terms ‘risk’ and ‘odds’ are often used interchangeably but they actually have quite different implications and are calculated in different ways. Odds is a concept that is very familiar to gamblers. It is a ratio of probability that a particular event...
Test Your Anatomy Knowledge – The Thorax
Test your knowledge of thoracic anatomy with these questions. 1. The body of the sternum extends across which vertebral levels? A. T2 to T4B. T3 to T7C. T4 to T6D. T5 to T9E. T6 to T11 Show Answer Answer: D. T5 to T9 The sternum is the flat, elongated bone that forms...
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Part 2 – Interpreting the Results
In Part 1 of ‘Arterial Blood Gas Analysis’ we learnt about the components of the arterial blood gas, and the principles underlying compensation and respiratory failure. If you have not already read this article, it is important that you go back and do so before...
